Identification-film locket



April 20, 1954 H. s. POWELL 2,676,267

IDENTIFICATION-FILM LOCKET Filed Jan. 22, 1951 IN V EN TOR.

A 7'7'ORNE ys Patented Apr. 20, 1954 IDENTIFICATION-FILM LOCKET Harry S.Powell, Oakland, Calif., assignor of onehalf to Ben K. Lerer, SanFrancisco, Calif.

Application January 22, 1951, Serial No. 207,220

11 Claims. (Cl. 250-68) This invention relates to a locket of a typesuitable for identification of the wearer, particularly in the event ofdisaster. The locket also will serve to provide ready reference to theextent of exposure of the wearer to radiation such as would result fromthe release of an atomic explosion.

In the event that an atomic explosion should be experienced,immeasurable assistance could be given to medical personnel indiagnosing the injurious effects thereto upon exposed persons should itbe possible to obtain without delay some ready reference and indicationof the extent of actual exposure. The death rate resulting from theexposure to such radiation might be reduced to a considerable extent ifthe cases where the exposure was minimal could readily be separated fromthose where prompt medical treatment would save the exposed person. Atthe same time, parties exposed to the radiation effects only to a minordegree would undoubtedly recover more rapidly from the shock in theevent that they could be given reasonable assurance that the extent oftheir actual exposure could readily be ascertained and measured. As waspointed out at page 342 in the recent publication entitled The Effectsof Atomic Weapons, revised in September, 1950, it is possible tomeasurethe effects of radiation by exposing a film to the effectsthereof. Such a film should preferably be of the slow process variety inorder that it may not become completely blackened by relatively lowradiation excitation. It has been established that exposure to radiationvarying between zero and twenty-five (25) r. (Roentgen) produce noobvious injury to persons. Exposures in the range between twentyfive(25) and fifty (50) r. cause possible blood changes, but generally noserious injury is experienced. As exposures are more severe and in therange between fifty (50) and one hundred 100) r. some blood cell changesare usually produced. These effects are such as to cause some injury,but no real disability of a permanent character i likely to result. Whenthe exposures are such that the radiation to which the party'issubjected varies between one hundred (100) and two hundred (200) r.,injury and possible disability occurs. As the exposure increases to therange between two hundred (200) and four hundred (400) r, injury and.disability is considered certain. Death is even possible in some cases.An exposure of four hundred (4.00) r. is fatal to about half the peopleexposed. Exposures to six hundred (600) r. or more total body radiationalways prove fatal.

With this knowledge, the present invention has as one of its objectivesthat of providing a container, capsule or locket wherein aphotographically sensitive suitable film may be housed in light-tight aswell as moisture-proof fashion. This film is capable of recording theexposure 2 to which the party carrying the locket or container has beensubjected.

Should such an atomic blast occur various forms of radiation result.These are alpha rays (the positively charged helium ion) and the betarays (the positively or negatively charged electrons) which do nottravel any great distance and, in addition, the more harmful gamma rayswhich travel as electromagnetic waves for long distances. It isparticularly radiation of this type which becomes important to checkandmeasure. The device herein to be described is par ticularly usefulfor this purpose although, as will be pointed out later herein, the samedevice may be used to measure the substantially non-directional neutronradiation.

Th container or locket arrangement is of such character and curvaturethat the retained film is held therein in a position such that radiationoccurring in any of three mutually perpendicular planes, and thus fromany direction possible, will be registered. It is particularly importantthat the contained film shall be non-directional to radiation because itis only in this way that it is possible to determine accurately theamount 0 radiation received by the wearer.

The invention also provides a container or looket in which there is acavity or recess in which identification data may be included for thepurpose of providing both personal identification and medical record.Such data might include, for instance, a designation of blood type andother special medical comment, such as peculiar conditions of treatmentwhich must be given to the party because of physical condition.Illustratively, persons having heart ailments, respiratory difficultiesor suilering from diabetic condition could not withstand the sametreatment as a person of normal physical state.

The locket or container herein to be described is of such character that-it; may be opened for the purpose of inspecting or removing theidentification .data of both the personal and medical characteristicwithout in anyway exposing the film therein contained to light radiationwhich would cause the film to fog. The film is supported and within thelocket in a position such that the effects of radiation are immediatelyrecognizable as exposures thereon, but the container may be disassembledto remove the identification data without removing orotherwise exposingthe film which is held in a separable portion thereof. Thus, afterexposure, the locket portion holding the film may be sent fordevelopment and later identified with the wearer.

The invention has for further objectives those of providing for quickscreening of exposed parties in order to separate readily the irradiatedwounded from the non-irradiated wounded, as well as the non-irradiatedunwounded from the V completely non-irradiated groups.

It also has as certain of its other objects and advantages those ofpermitting, after inspection, rapid decisions by trained personnel as tothe need of the party for immediate first aid or the possibility ofrouting the exposed party through to the channels for evacuationpurposes.

The segregation at the first aid station can then be expedited by arapid processing of the film held within th container or locket. Thisprocessing will require only a rapid development processing of the filmto an extent such that a comparison of the exposed film with astep-wedge piece of film representing a standard for which the varioussteps have been carefully exposed to progressively increasing specificamounts of radiation may be made. Then, it becomes possible immediatelyto identify the degree of radiation. to which the party has beensubjected. The stepwedge film with which the immediately devel opedloclretor cartridge-contained film com.- pared provides a calibratedfilm usable for diag nostic purposes. The radiation determination ismade, as would be expected, by matching the darkening on the exposedfilm (representing the exposure of the person) with the closest matchingstep on the wedge. The wedge has suifieiently wide spread in density tomaize matching by the eye of the observer both fast and accurate. Theresult is that, after a very little practice the maximum variationencountered in determining radiation dosage is less than 1.0%. It islikely unnecessary to remark that both the unknown and the step-wedgefilm should be viewed by diffused light for the purpose of exmination.

After the film has been developed, compared with the step-wedge standardand general designations have been made at the first station, it ispossible to process the non-wounded only at the screening station, sothat the irradiated parties may be separated from the non-irradiated. Inaddition, accurate decisions on the need for further treatment ordischarge are at once possible. Proper evacuation then may proceed. in amost expeditious manner. As those persons that have been irradiated areremoved to the hospital after having checked the film the previousanalysis of the radiation status at the first aid station where thedosage determination has ben made at the most rapid rate possible,generally serves to permit more rapid and adequate use of facilitatesand the concentration of specialists in the first instance than wouldotherwise be possible.

Other objects of the invention are those of providing a locket orcontainer for holding both film and identification information whichwill be extremely reliable in its operation. Various experiments haveshown that film is the most reliable method known for recordingradiation on an individual basis. Flm has considerable advantage overother proposed methods, because of (l) the accuracy with which itrepresents the radiation experienced, (2) the low manufacturing cost,(3) the light weight and small size, (a) the fact that it provides apermanent record which is particularly usable at later times for medicalpurposes, and (5) the record also may eventually find use even asdocumentary evidence in courts. Although it is recognized that film hasthe disadvantage of the developing time required, the preciseness withwhich developing must ocour, and the fact that it is difficult to makereadings in the field which will be representative of the exposureexperienced, the overall advantages of film recordings nonethelessgenerally outweigh any of those advantages which may be claimed forother methods known for making measure rnents.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an exposurechecking device from which the produced record shall be substantiallyinsensitive to temperature change. This insures the accuracy of theproduced record being at all times maintained.

Also an object of the invention to provide a film locket in which therecording element stantially sealed against moisture, growths, mites andthe like. The invention as a still further purpose that of providingways and means by which neutron radiations determined provided they aresufiicient to be discernible by any presently known form of counters.

lhe film and locket or container arrangement herein to be described infurther detail and w rich makes possible the attainment of the foregoingother objectives is of a character such ti it can be worn at all timeswithout annoyance; it is small and does not require attachment to theclothes of the wearer, and it is unlikely to be harmed or damaged inwearing. This is not possible with the so-called personal ion-charmbered radiation meters because they are so particularly sensitive tojarring. They are also accurate in damp weather and require irecharging. The socalled Geiger-lv lueller countsis impossible orapplication on an indi dual basis in any of the forms in which it is nowused. It also suffers from the disadvantage that it ceases to functionat extremely low levels of radiation. Other forms of indicators, such asthe chloroform dye, are known, but are generally in the developmentstate and have not so far prover. reliable. Glasses and chemicalcrystals are still in the laboratory stage, and have questionable reliability. Each is usually quite subject to temperature changes.

The arrangement herein to be described provides the advantage of allother forms of indiweight, easy to transport, inexpensive a chase andrelatively easy to seal against. tl

Various other objects and advantages will become apparent from thedescription or" the components hereinto be set forth and illustrated bythe accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. l, which is in two parts, shows a plan view of the cup-shaped covermember looking inwarcily, with an indication of the positioning of theedges of the film strip therein, and also shows sectional view throughapproximately the middle of the cover to show the curved film supportingsurface making the unit non-directional to radiation;

Fi 2 shows the cruciform film recording strip, both in a flattened stateand in a curved state, as when held in the cover member;

' by the liner secured thereto;

Fig. 6 schematically illustrates a form of identification recordsuitable for being fitted within the cavity between the liner and thefront plate when the several components are in assembled state; and,

Fig. 7 is an exploded view to show the assembly relationship between thecover, film, liner, ident fication record and front plate components.

Referring now to the drawings, the cover plate H is of generallyparallelogram or rectangular form and cup-shaped, as indicatedparticularly by Figs. 1 and '7. The ends and sides It! and I3respectively of the parallelogram or rectangular shaped cover plate areeach curved to form the cupped configuration. Adjacent edge surfaces ofthe SO-fOIIl'led parallelogram (herein assumed for illustration as arectangle) are thus shaped as an arced edge whose curvature isSubstantially 90 of the arc of a circle whose center is on a line whichbisects the angle between adjacent edges of the rectangular area formedof the inardly-turned edges. The inwardly-turned sides extend in adirection substantially 90 to the plane i l of the base of therectangular area. With all opposite edge surfaces being similarlyinwardly turned, each of the so-called corners as represented at itconstitutes essentially the surface area of a quadrant of a hemispherehaving a radius like that of the curved edge.

Opposite edges it of this cover have inwardlyextending beaded or knurledlips, or the'equivalent, serving to hold and retain the edges ll of afilm l8 of cruciform shape. The edge may be formed by means of aknurling tool moved over the edge surface.

" When positioning the cruciform-shaped film 58 within the cover I I,opposite film edges Eli are held by the edge It.

cated edges on thecover plate, .where desired, the cover plate may be.very slightly recessed at its edge so that the edges I9 of the film willbe held thereunder. The film i8 is of such size thatwhen held at itsedges to the edge of the cover the film area itself rests tightlyagainst the inner surface of the cover. -In some instances the knurlingmay be dispensed with since the resilience of the supported film isoften considered sufficient to hold it to thecover plate surface. effectis maintained when the liner 2! and the sealing compound (if used),later to be described, are in position of use. v

.A liner element 2!, having an outward surface shape correspondingsubstantially to the inner surface shape of the cover member is used asa light shield and closing element to enclose the cover-contained film.The liner also has up turned edges to form it into a cup-shaped elementwhich is substantially like theinner surface of the cover member I I;.Op'posite edges. 22 of this liner may be' provided overat least ajiiait" or the beaded edge 22, also generally'y similar .'to;'tl i eSimilarly, opposite edges ill of the film areheld by similaroppositely-lo- The holding 'e'dges of the cover. This" beaded edge 22'isadapted, when the liner is positioned, to fit into the cover member H tohold the therein sup ported film l8 in a relatively tight positionrelative to the cover. This tight fit may be provided by the outerknurled or beaded edge 22, for instance, held against the inward beadededge l6 extending over at least a part of the inner peripheryof thecover element. In some instances the components may fit tightly enoughto make knurling unnec'essarybut', as a general rule, the tighter fit isobtained in the described manner.

The illustration of Fig. 3 shows the liner member with the beading orknurling extending around the complete periphery thereof. It has beenfound, however, that a suficiently tight fit may be had where theheading is used. Such beading may be confined to the straight edges ofthe liner strip for ease of fabrication. In this state the roundedcorners of the cover and liner fit sufi'iciently tight with respect toeach other to still provide a light-tight shield and cover for the filmstrip supported between them.

The liner strip and the cover strip are the sole housing members for thefilm upon which the record is to be produced. As such, both serve tosupport and locate the film, as well as to keep extraneous lighttherefrom. The film, when it is supported within the cover member if ofthe parallelogram shape illustrated is of generally cruciform shape andis turned upwardly, as at ll and iii of Fig. 2, so that each of the edgesurface ii and 19 extend at an angle of approximately with respect tothe fiat basesurface 23 thereof. The surface 23 rests upon the flattenedsurface 23 of the cover member, and is supported therein by the flatsurface 2 3 of the liner element. Thus, at time periods when the filmwould be subjected to radiation by reason of an atomic explosion, forinstance, it is of no consequence that the film is being worn andcarried by a person in such a way that only a part of the film can beconsidered to be in position which is transverse to the radiation pathof the rays that are to influence the film. Suffice it to say that thefilm is so supported that regardless of the direction of radiation, oneof the edge surfaces l'! or E9, or'the fiat surface it resting upon thefiat surface 23' ofthecover, will be subjected to that radiation toprovide a record of that intensity which prevailed. The significant factis that even an extremely small area of exposure in the film is adequateto obtain a measure of the exposure. V 7

One manner ofholding the film it within the cover It is illustrativelyrepresented by Fig. 5. There, both the film and the liner are held bythe lip Iii of the cover and supported in a man" ner such that theliner, when positioned adjacent the cover, serves, by its cup-shapedrecess, to provide a cavity 25'wherein appropriate data or otherrecords, illustratively represented at 2%, may be kept.

The completeassembly then may be closed by means of a front plate member2'! which i of generally fiat construction with slightl inwardlyturnededges 23. The front plate member is also of rectangular shape and of aconfiguration such that the edge thereof may be arranged to fit, alongwith the liner, generally over an outer edge l5 thecover platel H Q Thegeneral relationship'iof lthe. various components for assembly purposesis indicated by Fig. 7, where it' can [be seen that th film i8 ispositioned immediately adjacent the cover member H. The edges l1? and itof the film are then fitted into the cover to press closely against itsinner surface. The inner beaded edge is of the cover member I I holdsthe film in the container in such a way that its central portion I8 isadapted to rest in flattened state against the flattened surface 23 ofthe cover member. l'his permits the tab-like ends i! and 29 forming thecross then to curve to follow the contour of the cover, as alreadyexplained. This assembled relationship of the filmand its cover member il is then maintained by pressing the liner element 22 inwardly upon thecover in such a way that the beading 22 on the outer edge of the lineris tightly caught by the beading on the inner surface of the covermember.

By virtue of the similarity of shape of the liner and cover, the uppersurface of the liner provides a reces or cavity relative to the Cover 2iinto which the identifying data or record, schematically represented at25, may be placed. The cover element 21 is then placed over the completeassembly of the cover and liner with their edges placed tightlytogether. Slight pres-- sure exerted upon the combination is sufficientto close the assembly to form the cover and closure plate as onecomponent holding the film and the associated liner thereto to holdidentification data. The assembled unit then becomes o so erallypillow-shaped form in the embodiment illustrated. The front piece 2i maybe separated from the cover member ii in any convenient way, such as bya knife edge, file or some ether element, to permit the data or recordto removed. The liner 22, however, fits generally tight with respect tothe cover, and consequently holds the film l8 carefull secured therein.These two components are then separated at the time of development btapping the cover, for

instance, to jar loose the liner. This is done in a dark room so thatthe film contained within the cover shall not be fogged.

As shown by Fig. 4, one of the components, such as the cover H or thefront piece 27, has a tab 3! attached thereto. This tab is rovided withan opening 52, through which a chain or cord or the equivalent is to beplaced and to be attached to the wearer. In the instance shown, the tabis attached to the front piece for reason of convenience. The frontpiece usually has stamped therein some identifying number for recordpurposes. This identifying number, as designated, for instance, by thenumerical indicia 33 on each of the film l8 and the record 26, thenserves to identify the film with the locket or container, and with thedirective for treatment. After development, the number shown on the filmwill appear on any record or prints made thereafter.

Various materials for stamping the locket are usable. However, oneconvenient form is stainless steel, from which an appropriate stampingmay be made. This material is one that is preferred because it isnon-staining to the skin and non-irritating, although other materials,such as aluminum, for instance, may be used with general equal facility.Further, in assembling the components together it may be borne in mindthat the front plate and liner assembly generally snapv into the cover.is placed between the cover and the liner such a way as to be heldtightly therein, and to be rotected from damage and exposure. completeassembly is such that it cannot be readily disassembled, and yet it issuch that at first aid stations a small tool, such as a knife, nail fileor the like can separate the front plate from the liner and coverassembly (with the thereincontained film). Then further, the assembly issuch that although opening of the liner with respect to the cover is noteasy, it can be accomplished by an adept jarring motion. Accordingly,inadvertent exposure of the therein-contained film to light is unlikely.

Curvature of the locket, as described, is essential to its operation,since it makes the film non-directional to radiation. This is necessaryin order to obtain any accurate determination of the actual amount ofradiation received by the person. After the film has once been exposedto radiation and the exposed locket is transported to the first aidstation, development of the exposed film may be carried on in anydesired manner.

While it is not the purpose of this disclosure to set forth in detailthe manufacturing procedure by which articles of this character may befabricated, it is nonetheless to be noted that the several componentsherein described may be formed by suitably stamping in dies. Thus, inthree pressing operations, the three main components, namely cover,liner and front piece, may be stamped or pressed from various materialsto appropriate form and shape for assem bly.

Since the efficiency of the operation of recording upon the film surface88 in the event radiation occurs is determined to some extent by theability to maintain the film in a dry state, as well as free from alleffects of fungus, mold, and the like it is often desirable to provideways by which it may be sealed into the cover ii. One hermetic sealingoperation which has proved to be satisfactory is by use of a generallycold-flowing plastic material which may be applied to the componentswhen they are in a warmed state. A sealing compound of this charactermay be very like the form used to seal lenses into optical instruments.As such, one formula which may be suggested is a composition comprising:

Per cent Lamp black 2.5 Burgundy pitch e25 Beeswax 35.0 Tricresylphosphate 2.0 Acrawax C 18.0

Mold, fungus, and mite inhibitor, as required (usually about of 1%) Theforegoing percentages are by weight and the formula is generally likethat of a sealing compound manufactured by Glyco Products Co., Inc, ofBrooklyn, New York for sealing lenses except that unvulcanized rubber isomitted and replaced by an increased percentage of burgundy pitch. Inthe formulav the tricresyl phosphate has a softening reaction; theacrawax C (also sold by Glyco Products Co., Inc., supra) is used to givea water-proofing effect; and the mold, fungus and mite inhibitor may beof the powder form and formed of a salt of propronic acid and be eithera calcium or a sodium propronate. The lamp black, burgundy pitch andbeeswax are standard products. Where the inhibitor is chosen in a of 1%proportion it will be apparent that the burgundy pitch may beproportionally reducedto a value of 424%, for instance, withoutdestroying the general characteristics of the plastic as such.

' The compound above described is applied to the cover and linerelements are heated to a temperature in the general range between 120 F.and 140 F. The compound then is applied to the edges 12 and iii of thecover and the edges 22 of the liner. At this heat the compound tacks tothe metal of the cover and liner. The plastic is representedillustratively at 39 on the cover of Fig. 1 and at ll on the liner ofFig. 3. Then, when the cover and liner are pressed together the plasticcovering the edges of the liner and the cover coalesces and forms thetight seal for the film.

Prior to assembly of the cover, film and liner it is usually desirableto dust the inner surface of the cover and the outer surface of theliner (1. e., the surfaces adjacent the film 18) with the mold, fungusand mite inhibitor. This insures an adequate dryness and freedom fromcontamination prior to assembly. Also, after assembly the complete unitcan be dipped in a suitable plastic (such as well known polymers) forwater-proofing purposes and since the metal itself picks up particularlythe alpha and beta radiation.

In some instances it becomes desirable to provide ways and means bywhich neutron radiation, which occurs generally in random ornondirectional form and originates more or less as a cloud, can bepicked up. The neutron radiation will generally be picked up by themetal of the locket (even where it is fully plastic coated),

but not in sufiicient quantity to give any considerable indication ofsuch effect even with a sensitive Geiger counter. Provided otherelements which are of greater sensitivity with respect to neutronradiation are used in cornbination with the complete assembly, therewill be a more pronounced indication obtainable of what neutronradiation has occurred. To this end, and in View of the fact that theradiation is not directional, an extremely small pellet or strip ofgold'foil, for instance, may be placed between the cover member if andthe liner 21 prior to assembling the components with the film i8 alsopositioned therebetween. This gold pellet or strip may be placed oneither side of the film, and then, when exposure has occurred, the foilof the metal will radiate to affect the film and produce thereon alatent image, which like the latent illlage of the gamma ray effect,becomes optically discernible upon film development.

It is also possible to utilize other elements which are particularlysensitive to neutron radiation, illustratively, a suitable sulphurcompound, as a replacement for the gold. However, if this procedure beadopted it is particularly desirable that the sulphur be placed within asuitable Wrapper, such as cellophane, to prevent its coming into directcontact with the film surface.

It of course will be appreciated that it is not essential to theoperation of the invention, inso far as the detection of the gammaradiation is concerned, that the gold or sulphur be used. However, wheresuch components are used they may be considered, illustratively, to beplaced within the cover member ii prior to assembly, and, as such, maybe assumed to be represented by the foil or pellet shown at 43 in theexploded view of Fig. 7.

As a convenient way of making use of the film and to permit rapiddevelopment it is often desirable that there be a small hole with a slotextending outwardly therefrom, as shown at 45 in Fig. 2. This provides aready way to hook the film in such a way that it may be supported in thedeveloping, fixing and washing processes.

Various modifications of the arrangement herein disclosed are, ofcourse, clearly within the scope of this invention. Among those whichmay be practiced, for instance, are those involving the manner ofattaching or securing all of the cover, liner and front plate together.This may be provided readily by increasing or decreasing the length ofthe mentioned beads. In the alternative, to avoid the necessity offorming an internal head on the cover member, the effect may be providedby providing slight crimping of the edge at spaced points along theperiphery of the straight sides of the cover member. This need be onlysufiicient to hold and position the film edges and the same time form anelement into which the outer bead on the liner plate may be secured. Inthis way the outer bead may be provided in the liner over its entireperiphery, and fit tightly to the complete periphery of the coverelement. This insures a tighter fit between the components and precludesall possibility of light exposure of the film contained within the coverand shielded by the liner element. Also, it will be apparent thatvarious forms of snap fastenings may be resorted to in addition to thoseset forth. Further, from the standpoint of the invention, the shape ofthe locket may be appropriately chosen to be other than rectangle orparallelogram with upturned edge provided the surface contour is suchthat the film therein contained may be so positioned as to be subject toradiation in all directions. Illustratively, it may be of generallyhemispherical shape but under such circumstances it is desirable to slitthe film in various sectorial shaped cut-outs in order that it may becapable of being positioned between the liner and the cover.

Having now described the invention, what is claimed is:

1. A locket adapted for holding a radiation sensitive film comprising asubstantially cupshaped cover member having inwardly-turned edgesextending to planes substantially normal to the plane of at least aportion of the main cover surface to provide generally planar areas ineach of three planes normal to each other; a liner closure member ofshape substantially similar to that of the cover and suificientlysmaller than the cover to be fitted therein to provide a light-tightcompartment between them; a front plate of peripheral shapecorresponding to that of the inwardly-turned edges of the cover plate;and means to secure the front plate to the cover plate.

2. A locket adapted for holding a radiation sensitive film comprising asubstantially flat parallelogram outline cup-shaped cover member havinginwardly-turned edges, extending to planes such that the adjacent sidesare substantially normal to the plane of the main cover surface toprovide generally planar areas in each of three planes normal to eachotherya closure and a liner member of shape substantially similar tothat of the cover and sufliciently smaller than the cover to be fittedtherein to provide a light-tight com partment between it and the cover;a front plate of peripheral shape corresponding to that of theinwardly-turned edgesof the cover plate; and means to securev the frontplate to the cover plate.

3. An identification locket adapted for holding a radiation sensitivefilm comprising a cupshaped cover member of generally parallelogramoutline having the outer peripheral edges inwardly-turned to a positionsubstantially normal to the plane of at least a part of the surface areaof the cover member to provide generally planar areas in each of threepla es normal to each other; means to support a film upon the interiorsurface of the cover; a closure and liner member of shape substantiallysimilar to that of the cover andsufiiciently smaller than the cover tobe fitted therein and to secure the film between the cover and liner inlight-tight manner so that it shall have substantially maximumsensitivity to radia ti'on without regard to the direction of originthereof; a front plate of peripheral shape corresponding to that of theinwardly-turned edges of the cover plate; and means to secure the frontplate to the cover plate and to provide between the inner face of thefront plate and the liner a cavity to house removable material.

4. An identification locket adapted for holding a radiation sensitivefilm comprising a substantially cup-shaped cover member of enerallyparallelogram form having the outer peripheral edges inwardly-turned toa position substantially normal to the plane of at least apart of thecover surface to provide generally planar areas in each of three planesnormal to each other; means to support a film to cover a major portionof the interior surface of the cover; a liner mem ber of shapesubstantially similiar to that of the cover and sufliciently smallerthan the cover to be fitted therein and to secure the film betweenthecover-and liner in light-tight manner so that it shall havesubstantially maximum sensitivity to radiation Without regard to thedirection of origin thereof; a front plate of peripheral correspondingto that of the inwardly 'turned edges of the cover plate; and means tosecure the front plate to the cover plate and to provide between theinner face of the front plate and liner a cavity to house removablematerial.

5. The locket claimed in claim 4 comprising, in addition, a holding tabsecured to one of the cover and front plate members.

6. The locket claimed in claim 4 comprising, in addition, a holdingperforated tab secured to the front plate member.

'7. The locket claimed in claim 4 comprising, in addition, a hermeticalseal between the adjacent edges of the liner and cover members.

8. The locket claimed in claim '7 wherein the hermetic seal is plastic.

9. The locket claimed in claim 4 comprising, in addition, a metallicelement to absorb neutron radiation positioned between the cover and theliner.

10. An identification locket adapted for holding a radiation sensitivefilm comprising a substantially parallelogram outline cup-shaped coverhaving the peripheral areas thereof turned to extend in planessubstantially normal to the plane of the parallelogram outline surfaceto provide surface areas in three planes each normal to the other, theedges of the inwardlyturned areas also forming a parallelogram patternwith rounded corner areas each curved to include substantially a 90 arcof a circle having its center on a line bisecting the angle between theadjacent edges of the rectangular pattern, means for securing asubstantially cruciform film tightly to substantially the complete innersurface of the cover so that the secured film has portions thereofextending in each of the three normally perpendicular planes, a linermember also having inwardly-turned outer areas to form the liner to ashape substantially duplieating that of the'cover with outer dimensionsof the liner corresponding substantially to the inner dimensions of thecover, said liner having a depth corresponding substantially to that ofthe inner surface of the cover minus the thickness of the supported,film, means to secure the liner to the cover to form a light-tightcontainer having substantially adjacent surfaces between which the filmis adapted to be supported in a light-tight housing, a substantiallyflat front plate of peripheral shape corresponding to the outerperiphery of the turned cover edges and means for securing the frontplate and cover member together to provide a cavity for holdingremovable objects intermediate the cover and the inner surface of theliner.

11. An identification locket adapted for holding a radiation sensitivefilm comprising a substantially cup-shaped cover of parallelogram shapedperipheral outline having the peripheral areas thereof turned to extendin plane substantially normal to the plane of the parallelogram surfaceto provide surface area in three planes normal to each other, the edgesof the inwardlyturned areas also forming a parallelogram pattern withrounded corner areas each curved to include substantially a are of acircle having its center on a line bisecting the angle between theadjacent edges of the pattern, an inner and outer film gripping edgeextending along at least a part of the cover edge for securing asubstantially cruciform film tightly to substantially the complete innersurface of the cover so that the secured film has portions thereofextending in each of the three normally perpendicular planes, a linermember also having inwardlyturned outer areas to form the liner to ashape substantially duplicating that of the cover with outer linerdimensions corresponding substantially to the inner dimensions of thecover, the said liner being of a depth corresponding substantially tothat of the inner surface of the cover minus the thickness of thesupported film, said liner having a gripping edge extending over atleast a part of its outer edge and in regions thereof substantiallycorresponding to the film gripping edges of the cover, a substantiallyfiat front plate of peripheral shape corresponding to the outerperiphery of the cover, and means for securing the front plate and covermember together and for providing intermediate the cover and the innersurface of the liner a cavity for holding removable material.

References flited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES 'PATENTSNumber Name Date 395,515 Robertson Jan. 1, 1889 548,791 Wilcox Oct. 29,1895 1,840,908 Lozier et al. Jan. 12, 1932 2,255,999 Kuehner Sept. 16,1941 2,387,887 Dimsdale et al. Oct. 30, 1945 2,426,884 Kieffer Sept. 2,1942 2,483,991 Wollan et al. Oct. 4, 1949 2,496,218 Kieffer Jan. 31,1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 7,824 Great Britain of 1887OTHER REFERENCES Photographic Film As a Pocket Radiation Meter, Pardu'eet al., MDDC 1065, June 23, 1947, pages l-7.

